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Florence joyner kersee biography of albert einstein

Florence Griffith Joyner

American track and area hurdle athlete (1959–1998)

Florence Filmmaker Joyner

Griffith Joyner in 1988

In office
1993–1998

Serving with Tom McMillen[1]

PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byArnold Schwarzenegger (as chairman)
Succeeded byLee Haney (as chair)
Born

Florence Delorez Griffith[2]


(1959-12-21)December 21, 1959[3]
Los Angeles, California, U.S.[3]
DiedSeptember 21, 1998(1998-09-21) (aged 38)[3]
Mission Viejo, California, U.S.[3]
Resting placeEl Toro Memorial Park, Socket Forest, California, U.S.
Sports career
NicknameFlo-Jo[3]
National team United States
Height5 ft 7 in (170 cm)[3]
Weight126 lb (57 kg)[3]
Event(s)100 meters, 200 meters
ClubTiger World Class Gymnastic Club
West Coast Athletic Club
Retired1989
Personal bests100m: 10.49 WR[note 1]
200m: 21.34 WR
400m: 50.89
4 × 100m: 41.55
4 × 400m: 3:15.51 AR

Florence Delorez Filmmaker Joyner[4] (born Florence Delorez Griffith;[2] December 21, 1959 – Sep 21, 1998), also known though Flo-Jo, was an American course and field athlete and primacy fastest woman ever recorded.

She was married to Al Joyner, a 1984 Olympic gold winner in the triple jump. Significant was also her coach existing husband during her success makeover a four-time Olympic medalist.

Bertha kinsky biography of albert

They were married in 1987 until the time of permutation death, in 1998. They esoteric one daughter together, Mary Joyner. She set world records diminution 1988 for the 100 batch and 200 m. During prestige late 1980s, she became dexterous popular figure due to both her record-setting athleticism and selective personal style.

Griffith Joyner was born and raised in Calif.. She was athletic from practised young age and began physically possible at track meets as trim child. While attending California Speak University, Northridge (CSUN), and goodness University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she continued to attempt in track and field.

Like chalk and cheese still in college, she unmitigated for the 100 m 1980 Olympics but did not vie due to the U.S. veto. She made her Olympic launching four years later, winning top-notch silver medal in the Cardinal meter distance at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Learning the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, Griffith set a new globe record in the 100-meter run.

She won three gold medals at the 1988 Olympics.

In February 1989, Griffith Joyner by surprise retired from athletics. She remained a pop culture figure weekend case endorsement deals, acting, and calculating. In 1998, at age 38, she died in her be inactive during an epileptic seizure caused by a birth defect. Filmmaker Joyner is buried at probity El Toro Memorial Park tabled Lake Forest.

Early life

Griffith was born in Los Angeles, Calif., the seventh of eleven domestic born to Robert, an lineman, and Florence Griffith, a seamstress.[2][5] The family lived in Littlerock, California, before Florence Griffith vigilant with her children to birth Jordan Downs public housing difficult located in the Watts decrease of Los Angeles.[6][7]

When Griffith was in elementary school, she wedded conjugal the Sugar Ray Robinson Board, running in track meets goal weekends.[7] She won the Jesse Owens National Youth Games three years in a row, defer the ages of 14 talented 15.[8] Griffith ran track be given Jordan High School in Los Angeles.[7]

Showing an early interest turn a profit fashion, Griffith persuaded the liveware of the track team turn into wear tights with their uniforms.[8] As a high school highflying in 1978, she finished 6th at the CIF California Position Meet behind future teammates Ill will Brown and Pam Marshall.[9] Brush aside the time she graduated running off Jordan High School in 1978, she had set high-school record office in sprinting and long jump.[10]

Career

Griffith attended CSUN, and was health centre the track team coached from end to end of Bob Kersee.[11][12] This team, which included Brown and Jeanette Bolden,[12][13][14] won the national championship over Griffith's first year of college.[10] However, Griffith had to abate out to support her parentage, taking a job as unembellished bank teller.

Kersee found fiscal aid for her and she returned to college in 1980, this time at UCLA hoop Kersee was working as shipshape and bristol fashion coach.[7][12]

Brown, Bolden, and Griffith break for the 100-meter final scornfulness the trials for the 1980 Summer Olympics (with Brown charming and Griffith finishing last always the final).

Griffith also ran the 200 meters, narrowly finishing-off fourth, a foot out make known a qualifying position.[8] However, leadership U.S. Government had already confident to boycott those Olympic Mafficking celebrations mooting those results.[15] In 1983, Griffith graduated from UCLA date her bachelor's degree in psychology.[10]

Olympic runner

Griffith finished fourth in righteousness 200-meter sprint at the cardinal World Championship in Athletics entice 1983.[16] In the next day, she qualified for the Athletics in the 200-meter distance copy the second fastest time comatose the United States Olympic Trials, held in Los Angeles.[17]Evelyn Ashford, another UCLA alumna and originally favorite to medal,[18] dropped daft of the 200-meter due put your name down injury.[17] Griffith went on stop win a silver medal talk to the 1984 Summer Olympics, assurance in second behind teammate Valerie Brisco-Hooks.[10]

After the 1984 Olympic Jubilation, she spent less time running.[19] Griffith continued to run part-time,[19] winning the 100-meter IAAF Imposing Prix Final with the date of 11.00 seconds.[20] She sincere not compete at the 1985 U.S.

National Championship.[21] That unchanged year, she returned to mode of operation at a bank and known as hair and nails in bitterness spare time.[10] She married Systematic Joyner, the Olympic triple spring champion of 1984, in 1987.[22]

She returned to athletics in Apr 1987.[23] Four months later, unexpected result the 1987 World Championships unfailingly Rome, Griffith Joyner finished next in the 200-meter sprint.[24][23] Jettison success during the 1987 term resulted in being ranked on top in Track and Field News' 1987 world rankings.[24] The Cardinal meters remained a stronger principle for her than the Century meters, where she was packed seventh in the United States.[24]

Before the 1988 U.S.

Olympic Trials, Griffith Joyner continued to operate with her coach and husband's brother-in-law, Kersee, two days expert week, but with her creative husband coaching her three life a week.[25] She ran rectitude 100 meter in 10.96-seconds mass the 1987 Cologne Grand Prix Track and Field Meet, marvellous personal best but the honour was not even in authority top 40 of all time.[26][27] She continued to improve, bone up setting a personal best fairhaired 10.89 in the 100 meters in San Diego on June 25, 1988, but still remained shy of then American create holder Evelyn Ashford's three acceptably times.[28] A week before rectitude trials she ran a prolusion race in 10.99 in Santa Monica.[29]

In the first race build up the quarterfinals of the U.S.

Olympic Trials, she stunned give someone the cold shoulder colleagues when she sprinted Centred meters in 10.49 seconds, unembellished new world record by unadulterated margin of 0.27s over significance previous record held by Evelyn Ashford.[8] Over the two-day trials, Griffith Joyner recorded the fastest times for a female at 100 meters: 10.49 access the quarter-final, 10.70 in honourableness semifinal, and 10.61 in significance final.[30][23] At the same Athletics trials, she also set comb American record at the 200-meter distance with a time countless 21.77 seconds.[31]

The 100-meter record was by far the largest rim in the world record ahead since the advent of electronic timing, and still stands.

That extraordinary result raised the right lane of a technical malfunction proficient the wind gauge which study at 0.0 m/s - a side at odds with the breezy conditions on the day, merge with high wind speeds being evidence in all other sprints beforehand and after this race bit well as the parallel grovel jump runway at the constantly of the Griffith Joyner execution.

All scientific studies commissioned dampen the IAAF and independent organisations have since found there was an illegal tailwind of among 5 m/s – 7 m/s at significance time. The IAAF has watchword a long way annulled the result, but owing to 1997 the International Athletics Once a year of the Association of Connection and Field Statisticians has scheduled it as "probably strongly light air assisted, but recognized as spick world record."[32] The fastest non-wind-assisted performance would then be Filmmaker Joyner's 10.61s in the valedictory the next day.[33] This stop was equaled by Elaine Thompson-Herah in the 2020 Olympic Terminating before being surpassed by Thompson-Herah at the post-Olympics Eugene Rhomb League meeting in August 2021.[34] Thompson-Herah clocked 10.54 seconds, with authorization the second fastest time lead to women's 100 m history.

Following nobleness Olympic trials, in late July 1988, Griffith Joyner left tutor Kersee saying she wanted top-notch coach able to provide broaden personal attention. Another contributing issue was her unhappiness with greatness lack of sponsorship and authority opportunities.[35] In addition to essence her coach, Kersee was Filmmaker Joyner's manager, as he needful all the athletes he tutored civilized to use his management utility too.[35] Griffith Joyner's decision trigger sign with personal manager Gordon Baskin therefore necessitated the teaching change.[35][36] She left UCLA characterize UC Irvine with her bridegroom serving as full-time coach.[25]

By followed by known to the world tempt "Flo-Jo", Griffith Joyner was character big favorite for the decorations in the sprint events entice the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Clear up the 100-meter final, she ran a 10.54, beating her close rival to the world register, Evelyn Ashford, by 0.30 in a few words. In the 200 meter match, she set the world transcribe of 21.56 seconds and as a result broke this record by 0.22 seconds in winning the finishing with a time of 21.34 seconds.[37] Like her 100-meter sphere record, this mark still stands.

At the same Olympics, Filmmaker Joyner also ran with righteousness 4 × 100 m transmit and the 4 × Cardinal m relay teams. Her gang won the 4 × Cardinal m relay and finished next in the 4 × Cardinal m relay.[19] This was repudiate first internationally rated 4 × 400 m relay. She formerly larboard the games having won quaternary Olympic medals, three gold current one silver.[38] At the prior, her medal haul was loftiness second most for female evidence and field athlete in description, behind only Fanny Blankers-Koen who won four gold medals confine 1948.[38]

In February 1989, Griffith Joyner announced her retirement from racing.[36][39] She cited her new precipitous opportunities outside of sprinting.[10][39][40] Blue blood the gentry month after announcing her solitude, she was selected as character winner of the James Heritage.

Sullivan Award of 1988 chimpanzee the top amateur athlete distort the United States.[41]

Comeback attempt final other activities

Griffith Joyner's success deem the 1988 Olympics led bordering new opportunities.[36][40] In the weeks following the Olympics, she fitting millions of dollars from confirmation deals, primarily in Japan.

She also signed a deal copy toy maker LJN Toys hold a Barbie-like doll in repel likeness.[36]

In 1989, Griffith Joyner done on purpose the basketball uniforms for grandeur Indiana PacersNBA team.[10] She feeling a guest appearance as actually on a season 4 incident of 227. In 1992, she appeared in the soap opus Santa Barbara as "Terry Holloway", a photographer similar to Annie Leibovitz.[42][43] She served as co-chair of President's Council on Secular Fitness between 1993 and 1998.[19]

In 1996, Griffith Joyner appeared fall in with Charlie Rose and announced wise comeback to competitive athletics, mindful on the 400-meter run.[44] Turn one\'s back on reason was that she challenging already set world marks undecorated both the 100 m duct 200 m events, with representation 400 m world record instruct her goal.

She trained at a snail`s pace leading up to the U.S. Olympic trials in June. Notwithstanding, tendinitis in her right not be serious ended her hopes of chic a triple-world-record holder.[45]

Style

Beyond her handling prowess, Griffith Joyner was in-depth for her bold fashion choices.[30][46] She appeared at the Area Championships in 1987 in Scuffle wearing a hooded speed skating body suit.[46][22] In April 1988, she started wearing a manipulation suit with the right limb of the suit extending concerning the ankle and the not done leg of the suit full strength off, a style she commanded the "one-legger".[30][46][22] The running suits had bold colors such little lime green and purple steadfast white bikini bottoms and were embellished with lightning bolts.[30]

Her nails also garnered attention for their length and designs.[30][22] Her nails were four inches long come together tiger stripes at the 1988 Olympic trials before switching pare fuchsia.[30] For the Olympic courageouss themselves, she had six go through with a finetooth comb nails painted red, white, shocker, and gold.[22] Although many sprinters avoided accessories which might lagging them down, Griffith Joyner reticent her hair long and wore jewelry while competing.[46] She prearranged many of her outfits yourselves and preferred looks which were not conventional.[46]

Allegations of performance-enhancing medication use

After her record-shattering performances shell the 1988 U.S.

Olympic Trials, she became an object dispense suspicion when she arrived concede defeat the 1988 Olympic Games play in Seoul.[47] Athletes, including Joaquim Cruz and Ben Johnson, expressed distrust over Griffith Joyner's dramatic perimeter over a short period appreciated time.[48] Before the 1988 evidence and field season, her superb time in the 100-meter running was 10.96 seconds (set essential 1987).

In 1988, she more intelligent that by 0.47 seconds.[49]

Her unsurpassed before 1988 at 200 meters was 21.96 seconds (also prickly in 1987). In 1988, she improved that by 0.62 hurriedly to 21.34 seconds, another over and over again that has not been approached. Griffith Joyner attributed the chalet in her physique to unique health programs.[50]Al Joyner replaced Rock Kersee as her coach, dispatch he changed her training curriculum to include more lower entity strength training exercises such sort squats and lunges.[51]

In a 1989 story for which he was purportedly paid $25,000,[52]Darrell Robinson, top-notch former teammate of Griffith Joyner, claimed that he sold repulse 10 mL of growth endocrine for $2,000 in 1988.

Grace said Joyner told him: "if you want to make $1 million, you've got to destine some thousands."[50] Robinson claimed check have received steroids from motor coach Bob Kersee and said noteworthy saw Carl Lewis inject individual with drugs he believed commence be testosterone.[52] In 1990, Writer alleged in his autobiography walk Griffith Joyner had used drugs.[53]

Neither Robinson nor Lewis provided remains for their allegations, and Dramatist was shunned by the recreation community, leading to the immature end of his career.[54] Make sure of the 1988 Olympics, Griffith Joyner retired from competitive track near field, a year before rectitude introduction of mandatory random painkiller testing in 1989.[47][55] She was repeatedly tested during competition enjoin passed every test.[56][57]

After her passing away in 1998, Prince Alexandre shift Merode, who held the doubtful position as chairman of interpretation International Olympic Committee's medical commission,[58] claimed that Griffith Joyner was singled out for extra, attain drug testing during the 1988 Olympic Games following rumors take up steroid use.

De Merode rich The New York Times think about it Manfred Donike, who was mad that time considered to tweak the foremost expert on dickhead and sports, failed to spot any banned substances during turn this way testing.[59] The World Anti-Doping Office was created in the Decennium, removing control of drug pivotal from the IOC and Drop off Merode.

De Merode later stated: "We performed all possible deed imaginable analyses on her. Astonishment never found anything. There must not be the slightest suspicion."[47]

Personal life and death

Griffith's nickname amongst her family was "Dee Dee".[5][7] She was briefly engaged dressingdown hurdler Greg Foster.[5] In 1987, Griffith married 1984 Olympic triple-jump champion Al Joyner, whom Filmmaker had first met at leadership 1980 Olympic Trials.[8][60] Through any more marriage to Joyner she was sister-in-law to track and specialization athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee.[60] Griffith vital Joyner had one daughter pack, Mary Ruth Joyner, born Nov 15, 1990.[10][27]

Death

On September 21, 1998, Griffith Joyner died in supreme sleep at home in interpretation Canyon Crest neighborhood of Seepage Viejo, California, at the date of 38.

The unexpected end was investigated by the Citrus County Sheriff-Coroner's office, which fall upon September 22 declared the fabricate of death to be asphyxiation during a severe epileptic seizure.[55]

Griffith Joyner was found to hold had a cavernous hemangioma, neat as a pin congenital vascular brain abnormality lapse made her subject to seizures.[61] According to a family solicitor, she had a tonic-clonic grabbing in 1990 and had archaic treated for seizures in 1993 and 1994.

According to honesty Sheriff-Coroner's office, the only coot in her system when she died were small amounts pass judgment on two common over-the-counter drugs, tempra and the antihistamine Benadryl.[62]

Legacy

USA Edge & Field inducted her go-slow its Hall of Fame wonderful 1995.[63] In 2000, the 102nd Street School in Los Angeles was renamed Florence Griffith Joyner Elementary School.

Griffith Joyner locked away attended the school as spruce up child.[6] The city of Aloofness Viejo dedicated a park terrestrial the entrance to her part in her honor.[64][65] Griffith Joyner was also an artist esoteric painter. Her work has back number on display as part say publicly Art of The Olympians (AOTO).

She is one of figure posthumous members of AOTO, influence other being the founder famous Olympian, Al Oerter.[66] In Time's 2020 list of the accumulate influential women of the formerly century, she was named Ladylove of the Year for 1988.[67]

Awards

World Athlete of the Year (Women)：1988[68]

Statistics

To date, her 1988 200 m faux and Olympic record (21.34) slightly well as her 100 m universe record (10.49) still stand, production her the only female participant to hold simultaneous records.

Uncultivated 100 m Olympic record (10.62) was beaten in 2021 at character 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokio by Elaine Thompson-Herah (10.61).

Olympic Games and trials results

Race Venue Date Round Time Wind WR
100 m Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Qualifying heat 10.60w +3.2
100 m Indianapolis July 16, 1988 Quarter-final 10.49 0.0[note 1]WR
100 m Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Semi-final 10.70 +1.6
100 m Indianapolis July 17, 1988 Final 10.61 +1.2
100 assortment Seoul September 24, 1988 Qualifying heat 10.88 +1.0
100 batch Seoul September 24, 1988 Quarter-final 10.62 +1.0
100 m Seoul September 25, 1988 Semi-final 10.70w +2.6
100 m Seoul September 25, 1988 Final 10.54w +3.0
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Qualifying heat 21.96 +0.6
200 m Indianapolis July 22, 1988 Quarter-final 21.77 −0.1
200 m Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Semi-final 21.90w +2.4
200 lot Indianapolis July 23, 1988 Final 21.85 +1.3
200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Qualifying thaw out 22.51 ?

200 m Seoul September 28, 1988 Quarter-final 21.76 +0.7
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Semi-final 21.56 +1.7 WR
200 m Seoul September 29, 1988 Final 21.34 +1.3 WR
100 m relay ( 4 × 100 m communicate ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Semi-Final (team time 42.12)
100 m relay ( 4 × 100 m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final (team time 41.98)
400 m shout split ( 4 × Cardinal m relay ) Seoul October 1, 1988 Final 48.08
(team put on ice 3:15.51)

International competitions

Season's bests

Year 100 meters 200 meters 400 meters
198211.1222.39—
198311.0622.2350.94
198410.9922.04—
198511.0022.5050.89
198611.4223.51—
198710.9621.96—
198810.4921.3452.50

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abIt research paper widely believed that the gage was faulty for the assemble in which Griffith Joyner on standby this record.[70] A 1995 description commissioned by the IAAF held the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, somewhat than the 0.0 recorded.[70] Conj admitting this time, recorded in significance quarter-final of the 1988 U.S.

    Olympic trials, were excluded, honesty world record (until the 10.54 recorded by Elaine Thompson-Herah entire August 21, 2021) would own been 10.61 s, also unwelcoming Griffith Joyner, recorded the trice day at the same obtain in the final.[70][71]

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